The Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM) concluded that the market for teaching materials in secondary education is not functioning properly. It said the dominant position of three major publishers contributes to high prices, schools have too little choice, and materials are often difficult to reuse. The ACM called on publishers to stop requiring schools to buy paper and digital materials together and to be clearer about the price and quality of their products. Publishers ThiemeMeulenhoff and Noordhoff said they will offer schools a choice of paper-only, digital-only or combined materials from the 2027/2028 school year. Malmberg also said it intends to offer that choice, but has not given a date.