Ukrainian citizens and companies have sought compensation from Russia for damage caused by the war through Dutch courts. Among them is Oleksandr Tereshchenko, whose home in Hostomel, north of Kyiv, was destroyed during the Russian attack in February 2022. A Ukrainian court has awarded the agricultural company Syu Zhnyva €75 million over grain silos in occupied areas, while assets linked to Gazprom were seized in the Netherlands in 2024 after the company did not pay.

The cases face significant legal obstacles, including the difficulty of enforcing foreign judgments against a state. They rely in part on the possibility that Russian assets held in the Netherlands, including those of subsidiaries of Russian companies, can be targeted. A separate international claims commission for Ukrainian war damage is not yet operational. The Netherlands intends to host it, but its founding treaty still requires ratification by at least 25 states; ten countries and the European Union had ratified it, and the Dutch Foreign Ministry expected the remaining 16 countries to do so by mid-2027.