Japanese companies planned to invest up to $21 billion in the construction of two semiconductor factories in the United States. The facilities would become the property of the US government and Japanese investors, with GlobalFoundries managing their operations. Construction of the first plant was due to start at the end of 2026, with production planned for 2029; a decision on whether to build the second factory was expected by the end of 2028.

The investment was part of a broader agreement under which Japan would invest a total of $550 billion in the US in exchange for lower US import duties on Japanese goods. The duty on Japanese cars was reported to have fallen from 25% to 15%, conditional on Japan carrying out the investments. The plans were criticized by some Japanese citizens, who were concerned about the cost and about replacing dependence on China with dependence on the United States. Their financial sustainability and the ability to complete and operate the factories on schedule remained uncertain.